WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHUMAI, SIU MAI & SHAO MAI?
If you are vaguely familiar with these steamed pork dumplings, you may have noticed various spellings for them in English.
Siu mai is the Cantonese pronunciation. Cantonese-style siu mai are the version that most people are familiar with. They’re round and the filling is wrapped in circular dumpling skins. The filling consists of pork and shrimp. Other additional ingredients may include ginger, shiitake mushrooms, scallions, wood ear, and water chestnuts.
Shao mai is the Mandarin pronunciation of the pork dumplings. Not only are they pronounced differently, Northern-style shao mai look different as well. Northern-style shao mai are often filled with sticky rice and mince meat and they are shaped like a vase (they have a narrow neck and a wider base).
The word “shumai” probably derives from the Japanese version of steamed pork dumplings. Japanese shumai look very similar to Cantonese siu mai.
Because the Cantonese pork dumplings are most commonly spelled as “shumai” in English, that is how I’ll refer to them for the rest of the post.
HOW TO MAKE SHUMAI
Of all the dumplings in Chinese cuisine, shumai are one of the easier ones to make. All you need to do is prep the filling, stuff it into dumpling wrappers and steam.
NOTE ABOUT SHUMAI WRAPPERS
You want to use thin, round dumpling wrappers for the shumai. The New Hong Kong Noodle Company makes wrappers specifically for shumai (labeled “Su My Wraps”)
It is fine if you cannot find that particular brand. Any thin and round wrapper will work. I prefer shumai wrappers to be about 3 1/4 inches in diameter. If your wrappers are larger than that, you can use a circular cookie cutter to cut out a smaller circle.
In my photos, you’ll see that I used yellow dumpling wrappers, which are made by Twin Marquis. I think they provide a better color contrast, but they are not necessary.
SHAPING THE DUMPLINGS
Place about 2 tablespoons of filling on the center of a dumpling skin. I usually use a butter knife to scoop the filling onto a wrapper, but you can also use a spoon.
Once the filling is on the wrapper, position the dumpling over the crook of your left hand. Use you left hand to shape the dumpling as you pack in the filling with the butter knife. I usually position my ring finger underneath the dumpling to help form the base.
When the dumplings are all filled, top the center of the dumplings with finely diced carrots. Shumai served in restaurants are typically topped with tobiko (roe). I don’t usually have tobiko at home, which is why I used carrots instead. You can also top each dumpling with a single pea. Peas tend to wrinkle once they’re steamed, which is why I don’t use them.
HOW TO FREEZE SHUMAI
Line a plate or sheet pan with parchment paper. Place your filled dumplings over the parchment paper and freeze until they harden. This will take a few hours. Make sure the dumplings do not touch each other. Otherwise, they will get stuck together when they’re frozen. Once frozen, transfer the shumai to a freezer bag. They will keep in the freezer for 1 to 2 months.
When you are ready to steam the shumai, place the frozen shumai into your steamer basket. There is no need to defrost them beforehand.
If you like your shumai to look compact and round, freeze the dumplings overnight before you steam them. The shumai tends to hold its shape better this way.
STEAMING SHUMAI IN BAMBOO BASKETS
I prefer steaming the shumai in bamboo steamer baskets lined with parchment paper. However, it is not necessary to use bamboo steamers. You can position a metal steaming rack in the middle of your wok filled with several cups of water. Then, place the dumplings in a stainless steel round plate like this one. Position the plate over the steaming rack. Any plate that can withstand hot steam will work as well.
MORE DUMPLING RECIPES
- Tofu Wontons with Yellow Curry Broth (a reader favorite!)
- Red Curry Tofu Dumplings (step-by-step photos of the braided pleat)
- Chicken Potstickers
- Curried Potato Fried Dumplings
- You can also visit my complete dumpling archives here.
Cantonese Shumai (Siu Mai, 燒賣)
Ingredients
- 6 to 8 small dried scallops (or 2 large dried scallops), optional
- 1/2 pound 80% lean ground pork
- 1 1/2 tablespoons tapioca starch, can sub with cornstarch
- 1/4 cup water
- 1 1/2 tablespoons peanut oil, can sub with canola oil
- 1/2 tablespoon sesame oil
- 1/2 pound shrimp
- 1/2 cup chopped water chestnuts, (see note 1)
- 2/3 cup chopped shiitake mushrooms, (see note 2)
- 1 tablespoon minced ginger
- 1/4 cup sliced scallions
- 2 tablespoons oyster sauce
- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- 1/2 teaspoon white pepper
- 25 to 30 thin round dumpling wrappers, preferably 3 1/4-inch diameter
- 1/4 cup finely diced carrots
Additional Equipment
Instructions
Prep the Filling
- If you're using dried scallops, rinse and soak them in water for at least 4 hours or overnight, until the scallops are soft enough to be shredded. Use your hands to shred the scallops. You should have 3 to 4 tablespoons of shredded scallops.
- Place the ground pork into a mixing bowl. Add the tapioca starch and water to the bowl and start mixing everything together with a wooden spoon. Keep stirring for several minutes until the pork starts to turn into a paste-like consistency. This step helps to tenderize the ground pork. You should hear squishing sounds as you stir the meat. Add the peanut oil and sesame oil to the bowl and stir to incorporate. Set the bowl aside.
- Chop the shrimp into small 1/4-inch pieces and add them to the bowl with the ground pork.
- Add the chopped water chestnuts, shiitake mushrooms, ginger, and scallions to the bowl with the pork and shrimp. Stir to combine. Then, add the oyster sauce, salt, sugar, and white pepper. Mix the ingredients until well incorporated.
Make the Dumplings
- If you are cooking the shumai immediately, line a bamboo steamer with parchment paper. If you plan to freeze the dumplings, line 1 or 2 large plates or a sheet pan with parchment paper.
- (Refer to the photo collage in the post for visuals on how to form the dumplings.) Take one dumpling wrapper and place it on your left hand. Place about 2 tablespoons of filling on the center of the wrapper. Shift the wrapper and filling so that it is laying on top of the crook of your left hand (Photo 1).
- Using a butter knife or spoon on your right hand, start pressing the filling down into the gap formed by the crook of your left hand (Photo 2).
- Use your left hand to squeeze the dumpling together (Photo 3). I usually form an “o” shape with my thumb and pointer finger to help guide the dumpling into a round shape. My dumplings are usually about 1 1/2 inches in diameter. Use your ring finger to cradle the dumpling underneath (Photo 4). This makes it easier to pack the dumpling with filling.
- Make sure to fill the dumpling all the way to the top (Photo 5). You don’t want to see any excess dumpling wrapper on the top because the dumplings will not look as nice when cooked.
- Place the filled dumpling on the counter and check to see if it stands upright without leaning over. If the dumpling is leaning, use your fingers to straighten it. Transfer the dumpling to your lined bamboo steamer or plate. Continue filling and shaping the dumplings until you run out of the filling.
- Top each dumpling with about 1/4 teaspoon of finely diced carrots.
- To cook the dumplings, cover the bamboo steamer with the lid. Fill a wok with water. It should cover about 2 ½ inches from the bottom of the wok. Bring the water to boil. Then, carefully place the covered bamboo steamer directly over the boiling water. (See photo in the post for reference.) Let the dumplings cook for 7 to 8 minutes. You can stick a thermometer into a dumpling to see if the meat has reached 165ºF. Remove the steamer basket from the wok and serve.
How to Freeze Shumai
- To freeze the dumplings, place the plate of uncooked shumai into the freezer. Once they harden, you can transfer them to a freezer bag. To cook the dumplings, place the frozen shumai on a bamboo steamer lined with parchment. You do not need to defrost them. Cook the shumai for 9 to 10 minutes. Refer to the post for more tips on freezing shumai.
Notes
- I like adding water chestnuts for texture. You can find fresh water chestnuts at Asian supermarkets. Simply peel the outer skin with a paring knife, rinse, and chop the water chestnuts. If they are difficult to find, feel free to leave them out. I hate canned water chestnuts, so I wouldn’t bother using them for this recipe.
- For this recipe, I used 3 dried shiitake mushrooms that I soaked in water for an hour before chopping. Dried shiitake mushrooms have more intense flavor, which is why I tend to use them for my cooking.
- Pork Back Fat: Some people like to add a few tablespoons of finely diced pork back fat to make the filling more juicy and tender. You can also dice the fat from a piece of pork belly for this purpose.
- You can usually fit about 15 shumai in a 10-inch steamer basket.
- You can cook 2 racks of the shumai at a time. Because the top rack is further away from the boiling water, it may need an extra 30 seconds to 1 minute to cook.
Cindy Tan says
The best shumai recipe that I’ve ever tasted. I’ve omitted the water chestnut but the taste is still very delicious. Looking forward for more delicious recipes from you . ????????
Lisa Lin says
Cindy, thank you so much for trying this! I’m glad you enjoyed it!
Kelly says
Can I make this recipe without the shrimp and just up the pork to a full pound?
Lisa Lin says
Hi, Kelly! Oh my goodness, I never responded to this question! Yes, you can make this without shrimp.
Lin says
Absolutely DELISH!
I added a splash of Chinese cooking wine, ommitted the water chestnut & prawns.
Will definitely make again!
The whole family love them!
So easy, cost effective & healthy!
Thank you for this amazing recipe!
Kathy Meston says
I made these and they were very tasty. However, the wraps became very gummy after being steamed, and fell away from the filling. I used the small round wraps. Any suggestions?
Lisa Lin says
Hi Kathy! It can be an indication that the dumplings are slightly overcooked (the meat shrunk it a little too much as it cooked). Maybe reduce the cooking time by a minute and see how that goes. But still make sure the dumplings are fully cooked!
Matthew Hayward says
Ahhhhh, really want to eat this! did something similar with feastbox recipe last week. im gonna try this recipe asap!!! 😁
Winnie says
I’m allergy to prawns, can I do full recipe with Meat?
The rest of the ingredients are easily available in my country. Fan of Siu Mai!
Thank you.
Lisa Lin says
Absolutely!
Stine says
I only found gyoza and hargow crystal skin in my store. Can i use either one for this recipe as well?
Lisa Lin says
The gyoza one should work. Ideally, the skin should be pretty thin.
Kelly A Eng says
so simple and delicious! I live in Paris (but am from flushing) and have no access to authentic dim sum. I made these hoping they would help scratch the itch but they came out so much better than i could have ever hoped!
a few notes in case they’re helpful:
– didn’t have water chestnuts so just left them out
– added 1.5 tbsp of shaoxing wine
– didn’t have access to wrappers so I just googled a recipe for wonton wrappers and then cut the excess skin off with cooking shears
– used precooked cocktail shrimp because quarantine shopping is difficult!
With all of the above they still came out amazingly!
Lisa Lin says
Kelly, thank you so much for trying the recipe! Thank you for providing all your cooking notes, too!
Ottavia says
Omg I’ve been craving for some dimsum and this recipe is heavenly! I’ve made 2 big batches since last week (double the portion each) and everyone is hooked ♥️ (we used ground chicken, didn’t have water chestnuts, and subbed ginger with yellow onion on our second batch and they’re all turned out delicious!). Thank you!
Lisa Lin says
Thanks for noting the substitutions you made! And I’m so glad you enjoyed it!
Penelope says
Do you think you could create a vegetarian version of this? I’ve been looking for Cantonese dim sum recipes that are vegan and don’t have any fake meat in them, haven’t found one yet.
What do you think would have a similar flavour and consistency? Pureed kidney beans? black beans? chickpeas? a mix of them? Mushroom and soy sauce flavours? ???
Penelope says
Vegan isn’t necessary, eggs are fine.
Chad says
OmniMeat makes a 100% plant-based minced “meat” product that’s quite nice. I live in SE Asia and it’s been pretty well-received as a pork substitute (in fact, in Hong Kong and Singapore, it’s called OmniPork). It has the correct texture, and could conceivably work pretty well in a vegan siew mai.
Vy Tran says
Do you have the recipe to make siu mai wrappers? Or they are the same with the normal dumpling wrappers, but I just need to put one egg in the mixture?
Thank you,
Vy
Sarah H says
Can you recommend a dipping sauce that would work with these?? I loved them but wished I had a sauce to dip in 🙂
Annie says
I used chili oil, soy sauce, and sesame oil. Lisa probably has better recommendations!
Chad says
Hoisin sauce and chili sauce are typically served in dim sum restaurants. You could make a nice ponzu sauce, too, which uses light soy and lime as its base, then add a little honey and some red chili flakes to contrast and balance the acidity of the lime. Very tasty!
Michelle says
We love it dipped in a brown or malt vinegar! (Although in dim sum places we’ve also had a red vinegar that’s a little sharper, but still good. No salt or soy added.)
Joy says
I have made this today and it passed the test with flying colors!! My family loved it! Easy to prepare except for the wrapping part. Otherwise it’s really delicious. I used soy sauce, lemon and chili paste as my dipping sauce. Will make more!
Carmen says
Se ve 🤤 🤤 🤤 Gracias, aquí en Peru probé esto y estubo delicioso nunca e hecho pero haces que se vea fácil. Probé fritas y al vapor estas igual las puedo freír??? Talvez se abran uhmm talvez es uns receta distinta. Muchas gracias por tu pasiencia😍😍😍😊😊
StanN says
Better than restaurant.
Ed Oveissi says
I have tried different shumai recipes and this is truly the best! The texture and flavor are just right and it’s simple to make and the extra tips to mold and freeze it are very helpful. This recipe will be added to my cooking bible notebook
Thank you for sharing this culinary delight.
Best
Lisa Lin says
Thanks, Ed!
Dieu says
Just made the filling this morning. Didn’t steam them yet but I just realized that the oyster sauce I have has 850 mg of sodium in one Tablespoon! I’m afraid it’s going to come out too salty 😞
Holly M says
These dumplings are one of my favourite foods – this recipe was super easy and likley the best I’ve ever tasted – I need a little more work on my dumpling stuffing, but even my husband who can take or leave siu mai LOVED these. Anxious to make them again in a huge batch and freeze!!
Lisa Lin says
Thanks for making this, Holly! I’m so glad you and your husband enjoyed them!
Amy says
Easy recipe and great flavors. But for some reason, my mixture would fall apart as I bit into it? Do you know why that is?
Lisa Lin says
Hm, did you chop the water chestnuts into large chunks?
Annie says
Great recipe! I grew up on dim sum more than the average Chinese kid because my mom was a dim sum waitress, so my standards are high. This did not disappoint and was so, so delicious. I had leftover ground beef brisket and didn’t have any water chestnuts on hand, and that latter lack did not deter the taste. Thanks for this recipe!
Mike Neuman says
Too much work . Too many ingredients.
I will eat shu mai in good Cantonese restaurants.
Christina Farinas says
My shumai is coming out watery. It collects in the wrap and makes it hard to pick it up without ripping the whole thing apart. Why does it do that?
Chelsea says
Hi, when freezing do you cover them with anything or just put the tray straight in the freezer?
Lisa Lin says
I just put the tray straight in the freezer. Once the dumplings harden, I transfer to a bag..
Omnintuit says
Thanks!
For sharing the useful information about the bamboo steamer. We also provide some tips and recipes related to bamboo steamer, feel free to visit us if you want to know some amazing bamboo steamer recipes.
Bamboo Steamer Tips & Recipes
mel manga says
Am trying your recipe for the first time.
Will let you know.
Thank you.
mel manga says
I made the pork siomai- turned out FANTASTIC !!!
it’s just like the dim sum siomai in the restaurants !!!
And sooo easy to make, too.
Lucky me to find this recipe from your website !
I’m now an official fan. Wow !!!
FYI: I’m asian – american and my taste for our kinds of food are genuine /close to home.
Lisa Lin says
Mel, thank you so much for trying this!! So glad you enjoyed it.
Brenda says
Great recipe! Thank you for sharing this! I haven’t had dim sum in such a long time and making these really hit the spot/tasted just like the real thing.
In case it helps others, I followed the recipe but: added 1.5 tbsp Chinese cooking wine, used 6 dried scallops like suggested in the recipe, and used canned water chestnuts (I think they’re fine for this purpose). I also chopped carrots and put them in a food processor to get tinier pieces. Everyone loved them!
Lisa Lin says
Thanks for making them, Brenda!
Sri says
There’s no egg white in the recipe. What’s the use of egg white in making shumai ?
Some recipes use egg white.
Lisa Lin says
I think it’s to help make the meat cling onto the wrapper more. I’m not 100% sure, as I haven’t seen those recipes.
five nights at freddy's says
I really want to eat this! Last week, I did something similar with the feastbox recipe. I’m going to try this recipe right now!!!